As vozes do Programa Criança Feliz: desafios e potencialidades / The voices of the Program Criança Feliz: challenges and potentiality

Resumo: Realizou-se pesquisa em três municípios com participantes do Programa Criança Feliz (PCF), que visa promover o desenvolvimento integral infantil. Familiares e equipes foram entrevistados, com posterior análise qualitativa, fundamentada pela teoria de Winnicott. Os resultados mostram que burocracia, insegurança jurídica e financeira fragilizam o PCF, enquanto visita domiciliar e fortalecimento de vínculos auxiliaram as famílias a estarem atentas às necessidades infantis.

Abstract: The research was held in three Brazilian cities with participants from Program Criança Feliz (PCF), which aims to stimulate integral development. Family members and staff were interviewed, with posterior qualitative analysis, based on Winnicott's theory. The results show that bureaucratic, legal and financial issues make the PCF fragile, whereas home visiting and bond strengthening helped families to be attentive towards children's needs.

Meanings Attributed by Adolescents to Intrafamily Sexual Violence and Assistance in the Judiciary / Significados Atribuídos por Adolescentes à Violência Sexual Intrafamiliar e Atendimento no Judiciário / Significados Atribuidos por los Adolescentes a la Violencia Sexual intrafamiliar y la Asistencia en el Poder Judicial

Abstract The aim was to know and analyze the meanings of intrafamily sexual violence experienced and the Court support for adolescents who underwent the questioning. A qualitative research study through semi-structured interviews and free observation with nine adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old, in a specific Court of Childhood and Youth. Data was analyzed using the technique of content analysis, with "Distance and negative", and "Secondary victimization" pointed out. First, by signifying the intrafamily sexual violence suffered, the adolescent presents memory lapses about what happened, and it shows a wide spectrum of detrimental effects of intrafamily sexual violence. Secondly, it shows that the intervention of the Judiciary Branch has caused secondary victimization, gaps in care, and reproduction of power relationships. It was concluded on the importance to articulate a children and adolescents rights guaranteeing system, considering the new social frameworks, as well as the issue of human development.

Resumo A violência sexual é aquela que mais reações provoca nos profissionais que atuam na esfera forense, entretanto ainda são frágeis as estratégias que contribuem para minimizar o sofrimento das vítimas. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e analisar os significados da violência sexual intrafamiliar vivenciada e seu atendimento durante as inquirições no sistema de justiça na perspectiva dos adolescentes inquiridos. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo mediante entrevista semiestruturada e observação livre com nove adolescentes realizada em vara específica da Infância e Juventude. Os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. O adolescente apresenta lapsos de memória, e sofre vitimização secundária, lacunas no atendimento e reprodução de relações de poder no Judiciário. Aponta-se a importância de uma articulação de um sistema de garantia de direitos a crianças e adolescentes, considerando-se os novos marcos sociais, bem como a questão do desenvolvimento humano.

Resumen El objetivo fue conocer y analizar los significados de la violencia sexual intrafamiliar vivida y la asistencia del tribunal para los adolescentes que se sometieron a la averiguación. Investigación cualitativa a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación libre con nueve adolescentes, realizada en una jurisdicción específica de la Infancia y Juventud. Los datos se analizaron recurriendo a la técnica de análisis de contenido, se señalaron "Desapego y negación" y "Victimización secundaria". En la primera, al significar la violencia sufrida, el adolescente presenta fallos de memoria sobre lo que sucedió, y evidencia un amplio espectro de efectos perjudiciales de la violencia. La segunda muestra que la intervención del Poder Judicial ha causado victimización secundaria, brechas en la atención y reproducción de relaciones de poder. Señala la importancia de articular un sistema de garantía de los derechos de la niñez y la adolescencia, considerando los nuevos marcos sociales, así como el tema del desarrollo humano.

Digital social networks: exposure to violence in intimity among adolescents in the light of complexity / Redes sociales digitales: exposición a la violencia en las relaciones íntimas entre adolescentes a la luz de la complejidad / Redes sociais digitais: exposição à violência na intimidade entre adolescentes à luz da complexidade

ABSTRACT Objective: this study aims to learn the perception of adolescents, who are immersed in the digital age, about intimate partner violence, from the perspective of the Paradigm of Complexity. Method: a qualitative and strategic social research; 39 adolescents, males and females, attending high school in two state schools in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, participated in the study. Data was collected through interviews and focus groups between October 2016 and April 2017 and analyzed in the light of the referred Paradigm. Results: the results showed the following: acceptance of violence in intimate relationships among adolescents; persistence of taboos, myths and beliefs in society that were reproduced in the participants' reports; new forms of violence, relationships and notions engendered and updated by the digital age; prevalence of psychological violence among adolescents. Conclusion: the study shows the association between love and violence out of jealousy and the control and power over the partner's social networks as a legitimate form of love in the daily life of intimate relationships, which are expressed in different ways. Failure to accept certain conditions is perceived as a form of cheating. The Paradigm of Complexity contributed in an indispensable way by offering an integral look on the theme and by providing greater clarity about the elements that make up the phenomenon in an articulated and contextualized way.

RESUMEN Objetivo: el presente estudio pretende conocer la percepción de los adolescentes, inmersos en la era digital, sobre la violencia en las relaciones íntimas, desde la perspectiva del Paradigma de la Complejidad. Método: enfoque cualitativo del tipo investigación social estratégica, que tuvo como participantes a 39 adolescentes, de ambos sexos, estudiantes secundarios en dos escuelas estatales de un municipio del interior del estado de San Pablo, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de entrevistas y grupos focales en el período comprendido entre octubre de 2016 y abril de 2017, siendo analizados a la luz del mencionado Paradigma. Resultados: los resultados indicaron lo siguiente: la aceptación de hechos de violencia en las relaciones íntimas entre; la persistencia de tabúes, mitos y creencias en la sociedad y reproducidos en los testimonios de los participantes; nuevas formas de violencia, vinculación y nociones engendradas y actualizadas por la era digital; y prevalencia de la violencia psicológica entre los adolescentes. Conclusión: en el estudio se evidencia una asociación entre el amor y la violencia por celos, el control y la dominación de las redes sociales de la pareja como forma de amor legitimándolas en la vida diaria de las relaciones íntimas y manifestándose de diversas formas. No aceptar determinadas condiciones se percibe como una forma de traición. El Paradigma de la Complejidad contribuyó de manera imprescindible para lograr una perspectiva integral sobre la temática, proporcionando mayor claridad sobre los elementos que componen el fenómeno de un modo articulado y contextualizado.

RESUMO Objetivo: o presente estudo visa conhecer a percepção de adolescentes, imersos na era digital, sobre a violência nos realcionamentos íntimos sob a perspectiva do Paradigma da Complexidade. Método: abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa social estratégica, e teve como participantes 39 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do ensino médio de duas escolas estaduais de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados utilizando entrevistas, grupos focais, no período compreendido entre outubro de 2016 a abril de 2017 sendo analisados à luz do referido Paradigma. Resultados: os resultados indicaram: a aceitação da ocorrência de violência nos relacionamentos íntimos entre os adolescentes; persistência de tabus, mitos e crenças na sociedade e reproduzidos nos relatos dos participantes; novas formas de violência, relacionamento e noções engendradas e atualizadas pela era digital; prevalência de violência psicológica entre os adolescentes. Conclusão: o estudo evidencia a associação entre amor e violência por ciúme, o controle e dominação das redes sociais do parceiro como forma de amor legitimadas no cotidiano das relações íntimas, sendo estas expressas de diversas formas. A não aceitação de determinadas condições é percebida como uma forma de traição. O Paradigma da Complexidade contribuiu de forma imprescindível para o desenvolvimento de um olhar integral sobre a temática, proporcionando maior clareza sobre os elementos que compõem o fenômeno de modo articulado e contextualizado.

Inter-sectoral network to face violence against children and adolescents in a rural context.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Primary Health Care inter-sectoral network in a rural context to face domestic violence against children and adolescents. METHOD: A qualitative research study, with the Paradigm of Complexity as theoretical and methodological framework. Eighteen health professionals from two rural Family Health Units in a municipality in the state of São Paulo were the participants. Data was collected through minimum maps of the institutional network and focus groups in May and June 2019. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged, entitled "It's not nonexistent, but it's complicated" and "We're always on the firing line". The existence of a weakened network; assistance based on biomedical bias; and care fragmentation were characteristics present in the care provided to the families. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The absence of network care was evident, with isolation and overload of the Primary Health Care unit that is enhanced by the characteristics of rurality.

"I don´t have it, I didn´t have it": experiences of families involved in violence against children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to characterize and analyze the experiences of families involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents, based on the Paradigm of Complexity. METHODS: qualitative research, in which data of 15 families was collected through documentary research, open interviews and field diary. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: two categories "I don't have it" and "I didn't have it" emerged, revealing the historicity that marks the violence experienced in the present. They include social vulnerability, maternal burden, associated with urban violence to which families are exposed. At the same time, stories of violence by the intimate partner, as well as intergenerational violence and drug abuse have impacted the current moment. Final Considerations: nursing can contribute to attribute new meaning to violent stories woven by families, as well as to the interdisciplinary construction of perspectives and interventions that consider the multiple violence and adversities to which such a population is exposed.

Protection network in the assistance to children, adolescents and their families in situation of violence.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the performance of the protection network for children, adolescents, and their families in situations of intrafamily violence, from the perspective of professionals of the Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted with five Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance professionals in a Pernambucan municipality. Data collection was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 by means of a semi-structured interview, with data analyzed by the thematic content technique. RESULTS: The professionals know how the protection network works, but they see the deductive logic of the team; the lack of material resources; the difficulty of articulation; and the logistics of care flow as limiting factors for maintaining effective care. CONCLUSION: The performance of the protection network must be able to ensure the rights of children, adolescents, and their families in situations of violence, through articulated and integrated care, aiming at changing attitudes and breaking the cycle of violence.

Violence in intimate relationships from the point of view of adolescents: perspectives of the Complexity Paradigm.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze adolescents' perceptions about intimate violence from the perspective of the Complexity Paradigm. METHOD: A qualitative approach configured as strategic social study. The study participants were adolescents between 15 and 18 years old, attending high school in two public schools in a city in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a focus group and a semi-structured interview as a complement. Data analysis was based on the dialogical, organizational and holographic principles of the Complex Paradigm. RESULTS: The study included 39 adolescents (14 males and 25 females). Through the emerging categories, it was noticed that intimate violence occurs through dialogical affection-jealousy/control by a naturalization of violent acts which permeates gender, cultural and social issues, and by technology as preponderant for intimate violence among adolescents, denoting new forms of control and coercion. CONCLUSION: The study introduces aspects present in intimate violence among adolescents, presenting them in an articulate and interdependent way. These aspects constitute a relevant contribution to the actions of health professionals.

"I don´t have it, I didn´t have it": experiences of families involved in violence against children and adolescents / "No tengo, no tuve": vivencias de familias envueltas en la violencia contra niños y adolescentes / "Não tenho, não tive": vivências de famílias envolvidas na violência contra crianças e adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize and analyze the experiences of families involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents, based on the Paradigm of Complexity. Methods: qualitative research, in which data of 15 families was collected through documentary research, open interviews and field diary. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: two categories "I don't have it" and "I didn't have it" emerged, revealing the historicity that marks the violence experienced in the present. They include social vulnerability, maternal burden, associated with urban violence to which families are exposed. At the same time, stories of violence by the intimate partner, as well as intergenerational violence and drug abuse have impacted the current moment. Final Considerations: nursing can contribute to attribute new meaning to violent stories woven by families, as well as to the interdisciplinary construction of perspectives and interventions that consider the multiple violence and adversities to which such a population is exposed.

RESUMEN Objetivos: caracterizar y analizar las vivencias de familias envueltas en la violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes, con base en el Paradigma de la Complejidad. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, siendo la recogida de datos realizada con 15 familias por medio de investigación documental, entrevistas abiertas y diario de campo. Los datos han sido analizados mediante análisis temático. Resultados: emergieron dos categorías "No tengo" y "No tuve", desvelando la historicidad que marca las violencias experienciadas en el presente. Hacen parte la vulnerabilidad social, la sobrecarga materna, relacionadas a la violencia urbana la cual las familias están expuestas. Al mismo tiempo, historias de violencias por la pareja íntima, así como la violencia intergeneracional y el abuso de drogas impactaron el momento actual. Consideraciones Finales: la enfermería puede contribuir en la (re)significación de las historias violentas aducidas por las familias, así como en la construcción interdisciplinar de miradas e intervenciones que consideren las múltiplas violencias y adversidades la cual tal población está expuesta.

RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar e analisar as vivências de famílias envolvidas na violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes, com base no Paradigma da Complexidade. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, sendo a coleta de dados realizada com 15 famílias por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas abertas e diário de campo. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise temática. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias "Não tenho" e "Não tive", desvelando a historicidade que marca as violências experienciadas no presente. Fazem parte a vulnerabilidade social, a sobrecarga materna, associadas à violência urbana a que as famílias são expostas. Ao mesmo tempo, histórias de violências pelo parceiro íntimo, bem como a violência intergeracional e o abuso de drogas impactaram o momento atual. Considerações Finais: a enfermagem pode contribuir na (re)significação das histórias violentas tecidas pelas famílias, bem como na construção interdisciplinar de olhares e intervenções que considerem as múltiplas violências e adversidades a que tal população está exposta.

Violência no contexto escolar e ideação suicida na adolescência / Violencia en el contexto escolar e ideación suicida en la adolescencia / Violence in the school context and suicidal ideation in adolescence

Objetivo: analisar a violência escolar sofrida e praticada e a sua associação com a ideação suicida, entre adolescentes com 12 a 18 anos. Método: pesquisa realizada com 643 adolescentes, matriculados em escolas estaduais da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram aplicados dois questionários: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" e "Violência na Escola". Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado, grau de associação foi analisado por meio da razão de prevalências. Resultados: as prevalências de violência escolar e de ideação suicida foram de 62,2% e 17,4%, respectivamente. Cerca de 28% dos adolescentes relataram já terem se sentido muito triste, 14% deles declararam sentir solidão frequentemente. Houve associação significativa da ideação suicida com a violência sofrida na faixa etária de 15-18 anos. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para a necessidade de ações de saúde, que visem fortalecer os fatores de proteção e prevenção das situações de risco para a violência e ideação suicida.

Objective: to analyze the school violence suffered and practiced and its association with suicidal ideation among adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Method: study conducted with 643 adolescents registered in state schools in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Two questionnaires were applied: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" and "Violence at School". For statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used, degree of association was analyzed using the prevalence ratio. Results: the prevalence of school violence and suicidal ideation was 62.2% and 17.4%, respectively. About 28% of the adolescents reported having felt very sad, 14% of them reported feeling loneliness frequently. There was a significant association between suicidal ideation and violence in the age group of 15-18 years. Conclusion: the results point to the need for health actions aimed at strengthening the protective and prevention factors of risk situations for violence and suicidal ideation.

Objetivo: analizar la violencia escolar sufrida y practicada y su asociación con la ideación suicida entre adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Método: estudio realizado con 643 adolescentes matriculados en escuelas estatales en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" y "Violencia en la Escuela". Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrada, se analizó el grado de asociación utilizando la relación de prevalencia. Resultados: la prevalencia de la violencia escolar y la ideación suicida fue del 62,2% y del 17,4%, respectivamente. Alrededor del 28% de los adolescentes informaron que se habían sentido muy triste, el 14% de ellos reportaron sentir la soledad con frecuencia. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la ideación suicida y la violencia en el grupo de edad de 15-18 años. Conclusión: los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de acciones sanitarias encaminadas a fortalecer los factores de protección y prevención de las situaciones de riesgo para la violencia y la ideación suicida.

I don´t have it, I didn´t have it: experiences of families involved in violence against children and adolescents / No tengo, no tuve: vivencias de familias envueltas en la violencia contra niños y adolescentes / Não tenho, não tive: vivências de famílias envolvidas na violência contra crianças e adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize and analyze the experiences of families involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents, based on the Paradigm of Complexity. Methods: qualitative research, in which data of 15 families was collected through documentary research, open interviews and field diary. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: two categories "I don't have it" and "I didn't have it" emerged, revealing the historicity that marks the violence experienced in the present. They include social vulnerability, maternal burden, associated with urban violence to which families are exposed. At the same time, stories of violence by the intimate partner, as well as intergenerational violence and drug abuse have impacted the current moment. Final Considerations: nursing can contribute to attribute new meaning to violent stories woven by families, as well as to the interdisciplinary construction of perspectives and interventions that consider the multiple violence and adversities to which such a population is exposed.

RESUMEN Objetivos: caracterizar y analizar las vivencias de familias envueltas en la violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes, con base en el Paradigma de la Complejidad. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, siendo la recogida de datos realizada con 15 familias por medio de investigación documental, entrevistas abiertas y diario de campo. Los datos han sido analizados mediante análisis temático. Resultados: emergieron dos categorías "No tengo" y "No tuve", desvelando la historicidad que marca las violencias experienciadas en el presente. Hacen parte la vulnerabilidad social, la sobrecarga materna, relacionadas a la violencia urbana la cual las familias están expuestas. Al mismo tiempo, historias de violencias por la pareja íntima, así como la violencia intergeneracional y el abuso de drogas impactaron el momento actual. Consideraciones Finales: la enfermería puede contribuir en la (re)significación de las historias violentas aducidas por las familias, así como en la construcción interdisciplinar de miradas e intervenciones que consideren las múltiplas violencias y adversidades la cual tal población está expuesta.

RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar e analisar as vivências de famílias envolvidas na violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes, com base no Paradigma da Complexidade. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, sendo a coleta de dados realizada com 15 famílias por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas abertas e diário de campo. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise temática. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias "Não tenho" e "Não tive", desvelando a historicidade que marca as violências experienciadas no presente. Fazem parte a vulnerabilidade social, a sobrecarga materna, associadas à violência urbana a que as famílias são expostas. Ao mesmo tempo, histórias de violências pelo parceiro íntimo, bem como a violência intergeracional e o abuso de drogas impactaram o momento atual. Considerações Finais: a enfermagem pode contribuir na (re)significação das histórias violentas tecidas pelas famílias, bem como na construção interdisciplinar de olhares e intervenções que considerem as múltiplas violências e adversidades a que tal população está exposta.

Violence in intimate relationships from the point of view of adolescents: perspectives of the Complexity Paradigm / La violencia en la relación de intimidad bajo la óptica de los adolescentes: perspectivas del Paradigma de La Complejidad / A violência na relação de intimidade sob a ótica de adolescentes: perspectivas do Paradigma da Complexidade

Abstract Objective: To analyze adolescents' perceptions about intimate violence from the perspective of the Complexity Paradigm. Method: A qualitative approach configured as strategic social study. The study participants were adolescents between 15 and 18 years old, attending high school in two public schools in a city in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. Data collection was performed through a focus group and a semi-structured interview as a complement. Data analysis was based on the dialogical, organizational and holographic principles of the Complex Paradigm. Results: The study included 39 adolescents (14 males and 25 females). Through the emerging categories, it was noticed that intimate violence occurs through dialogical affection-jealousy/control by a naturalization of violent acts which permeates gender, cultural and social issues, and by technology as preponderant for intimate violence among adolescents, denoting new forms of control and coercion. Conclusion: The study introduces aspects present in intimate violence among adolescents, presenting them in an articulate and interdependent way. These aspects constitute a relevant contribution to the actions of health professionals.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de adolescentes acerca de la violencia en las relaciones de intimidad desde el punto de vista del Paradigma de la Complejidad. Método: Abordaje cualitativo, configurándose como investigación social estratégica. Los participantes en el estudio fueron adolescentes entre 15 y 18 años, asistentes a la educación secundaria de dos escuelas públicas de un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante el grupo focal y, como complementación, la entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis de datos se fundó en el principio dialógico, de recurso organizativo y hologramático del Paradigma Complejo. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 39 adolescentes (14 del sexo masculino y 25 del sexo femenino). Según las categorías emergentes, se percibió que la violencia en la intimidad la cruzan la dialógica afecto-celos/control, la naturalización de actos violentos que está implicada en los temas de género, culturales y sociales y la tecnología como preponderante para la violencia de intimidad entre adolescentes, denotando nuevas formas de control y coerción. Conclusión: El estudio brinda aspectos presentes en la violencia en la intimidad entre adolescentes, mostrándolos de modo articulado e interdependiente. Dichos aspectos se configuran en relevante contribución para las acciones de los profesionales sanitarios.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de adolescentes sobre a violência nas relações de intimidade pela perspectiva do Paradigma da Complexidade. Método: Abordagem qualitativa, configurando-se como pesquisa social estratégica. Os participantes do estudo foram adolescentes entre 15 e 18 anos, frequentadores do ensino médio de duas escolas públicas de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do grupo focal e, como complementação, a entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos dados foi fundamentada nos princípios dialógico, recurso organizacional e hologramático do Paradigma Complexo. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 39 adolescentes (14 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino). Por meio das categorias emergentes, percebeu-se que a violência na intimidade está atravessada pela dialógica afeto-ciúmes/controle, pela naturalização de atos violentos que permeia questões de gênero, culturais e sociais e pela tecnologia como preponderante para a violência de intimidade entre adolescentes, denotando novas formas de controle e coerção. Conclusão: O estudo traz aspectos presentes na violência na intimidade entre adolescentes, mostrando-os de forma articulada e interdependente. Tais aspectos se configuram em relevante contribuição para as ações de profissionais de saúde.

Violências sexuais: vivências de adolescentes nos coletivos "ProJovem" em Minas Gerais / Sexual violence: Experiences of adolescents in the collective "ProJovem" in Minas Gerais

A violência sexual impacta toda a sociedade, bem como os serviços de proteção. Objetivouse compreender as experiências de adolescentes frequentadores dos Coletivos "ProJovem" nos Centros de Referência e Assistência Social, de Uberaba/MG, Brasil acerca das violências sexuais vivenciadas em seus territórios. Pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, com dados obtidos por Grupos Focais com 69 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, de 12 a 17 anos, entre 2015 e 2016; analisou-se as narrativas com a análise de conteúdo temática. Emergiram quatro categorias: assédio sexual; a violência sexual intrafamiliar; os olhares sobre os violentadores; e o CRAS como lugar de proteção. A violência sexual está presente no cotidiano dos adolescentes e é vista de forma naturalizada, embora produza insegurança e mudanças nos hábitos, em especial, das meninas. Urge fortalecer as políticas de proteção social em sua face intersetorial aliada à capacitação dos profissionais, a fim de reduzir a vulnerabilidade social nesses territórios.

The sexual violence impacts all the society, as well as the protection services. The purpose of this study was to understand the adolescents attendee of the "ProJovem" Collectives at the Reference Centers and Social Assistance Centers of Uberaba/MG, Brazil, about the sexual violence experienced in their territories. Exploratory research with a qualitative approach, with data obtained by Focal Groups with 69 adolescents, of both sexes, among 12 and 17 years, between 2015 and 2016; was analyzed the narratives with a thematic content analysis. Four categories emerged: sexual harassment; intra-family sexual violence; the looks at the violators; and the CRAS as a place of protection. The sexual violence is present on adolescents’ everyday life and is seen in a naturalized way, although it produces insecurity and changes in habits, especially, of the girls. Urge to fortify the social protection policies in its intersectorial face allied to the qualification of the professionals, in order to reduce the social vulnerability in the territories.

Promoção da saúde da criança escolar e a identificação de determinantes sociais: relato de experiência / Health promotion of school child and the identification of social determinants: Experience report

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e discutir atividades de promoção de saúde realizadas junto a escolares com idades entre oito e dez anos de uma escola pública em um município mineiro. As práticas foram realizadas por estudantes dos cursos de Terapia Ocupacional, Educação Física e Nutrição no período de fevereiro de 2017 a julho de 2018, três vezes por semana. Elas consistiam em estratégias lúdicas e no emprego de tecnologias leves capazes de promover acolhimento e incentivar a expressão das crianças, possibilitando a investigação dos determinantes sociais de saúde (DSS) que permeavam suas comunidades e estilos de vida. Destacaram-se dentre os DSS: diversidade de configurações familiares, rede comunitária proximal e informal ampla; subemprego, analfabetismo, acesso descontínuo a serviços públicos, violência doméstica, distanciamento da escola e alimentação inadequada. Neste cenário, a promoção da saúde dos escolares demanda comprometimento institucional amplo, envolvimento das famílias e sensibilização das crianças para o autocuidado.

This study aims to describe and discuss health promotion activities accomplished with schoolchildren aged between eight and ten years of a public school in a Minas Gerais municipality. The practices were done by students of Occupational Therapy, Physical Education and Nutrition courses from February 2017 to July 2018, three times a week. They consisted of ludic strategies and the use of light technologies capable of fostering children's expression and encouraging the investigation of the social determinants of health (SDH) that permeated their communities and lifestyles. Among the SDHs, the following stand out: diversity of family configurations, wide proximal and informal community network; underemployment, illiteracy, discontinuous access to public services, domestic violence, distancing from school, and inadequate feeding. In this scenario, promoting the health of schoolchildren demands broad institutional commitment, involvement of families and raising children's awareness for self-care.

Prevalence of school violence and use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the school violence suffered and practiced and its association with the use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. METHOD: the study sample consisted of 643 adolescents enrolled in six schools, who answered two self-administered questionnaires: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" and "Violence in School". Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the degree of association between the variables was analyzed using the prevalence ratio. RESULTS: the prevalence of school violence suffered and practiced was 62.2% and 51.9%, respectively. About 44.6% of the aggressors said they did not want to change their behavior. There was an expressive prevalence of alcohol use (16.5%), tobacco (15.7%) and illicit drugs (6.8%), and drunkenness (12.6%). There was a significant association between the violence suffered and the age group of 12 to 14 years old (p=0.001); (p=0.011) and education level in elementary school (p<0.001). In mothers with less than eight years of studies, the association was significant for the violence practiced (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: the study contributes to the aspects involved in school violence, which can subsidize actions and policies in this area.

Social support network of family members of abused children and adolescents: Perspectives and possibilities.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To analyse the network of care and social support from the perspectives of family members of children and adolescents who have been abused. BACKGROUND: The theoretical-methodological background of the ecological model for understanding violence and the Paradigm of Complexity provide a broad perspective of violence. The paradigm considers all aspects that constitute a phenomenon as well as particular features. DESIGN: Qualitative research based on the Paradigm of Complexity, developed by Edgar Morin, the primary philosopher. We have adhered to the COREQ Checklist guidelines for qualitative research. METHODS: Data were collected through Minimal Maps of Personal Social Networks, and semi-structured interviews were held with 15 families who were assisted by a nongovernmental organisation in a Brazilian city. The notions of comprehension and contextualisation guided the data analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged from the data analyses: "Social isolation" and "Affective relationships needs." The maps revealed a weakened and limited network with low-density, homogeneous bonds and few significant bonds. Therefore, the network provided predominantly instrumental and material social support with few important effective relationships. The participants disclosed some strategies to empower their lives. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is urgent to develop strategies in a broad manner to promote family empowerment, especially on education and employment dimension, and to construct supportive and respectful relationships between services and families as well. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The present study contributes to international clinical nursing, especially in low- and middle-income countries, by discussing (a) looking at and caring for family members of children and adolescents who have been abused in a contextualised manner; (b) family empowerment, which enables them to have access to healthier environments and to educational/employment opportunities; and (c) broad comprehension of health care among the family members, which provides perspectives not only for looking at violence but also for strengthening supportive social relationships.

Understanding and contextualizing teen dating violence / Comprensión y contextualización de la violencia en las relaciones de intimidad entre adolescentes / Compreendendo e contextualizando a violência nas relações de intimidade entre adolescentes

Abstract Objective: To describe and analyze teen dating violence with adolescents of a public school in a city in the state of São Paulo. Method: Qualitative research, anchored by the Paradigm of Complexity. Data collection was carried out with 16 students of the 11st year of high school, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was based on the thematic modality. Results: There emerged three themes, which made it possible to understand that the myth of romantic love has still present in intimate relationships; as an aspect of these myths, jealousy is revealed as inherent in relationships, while time triggering teen dating violence at the same. Digital social networks have been throughout this process; the family and the school emerge as contexts that expose adolescents to vulnerability, including the experience of other violence manifestations. Conclusion and implications for practice: Multidimensional, retroactive and interdependent nature of the aspects related to teen dating violence were identified. Promotion of healthy dating relationships from the deconstruction of romantic love myths; safe use of virtual social networks by adolescents; actions to promote healthy parenting and articulation of health-school-family, with the empowerment of these spaces as factors to protect violence involving adolescents are necessary.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir y analizar la violencia en las relaciones de intimidad entre adolescentes de una escuela pública de un municipio del interior del estado de São Paulo. Método: Investigación cualitativa, anclada por el Paradigma de la Complejidad. Recolección de datos realizada junto a 16 estudiantes del 2º año de la enseñanza media, por medio de grupos focales y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de datos se dio por la modalidad temática. Resultados: Emergieron tres temas, que posibilitaron comprender que el mito del amor romántico aún se hace presente en las relaciones de intimidad; como aspecto de estos mitos, los celos se desvelan como inherentes a las relaciones, siendo al mismo tiempo disparador de la violencia. Las redes sociales digitales atravesan este proceso; la familia y la escuela emergen como contextos que vulnerabilizan a los adolescentes, incluso por la vivencia de otras manifestaciones de la violencia. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: Se identificó el carácter polidimensional, retroactivo e interdependiente de los aspectos relacionados a la violencia en las relaciones de intimidad. La promoción de relaciones de intimidad sanas a partir de la deconstrucción de mitos del amor romántico; uso seguro de redes sociales virtuales por los adolescentes; las acciones de promoción de la parentalidad sana y la articulación salud-escuela-familia, con empoderamiento de estos espacios como factores de protección a violencias involucrando adolescentes son necesarios.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever e analisar a violência nas relações de intimidade entre adolescentes de uma escola pública de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada pelo Paradigma da Complexidade. Coleta de dados realizada junto a 16 estudantes do 2º ano do ensino médio, por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise de dados se deu pela modalidade temática. Resultados: Emergiram três temas, que possibilitaram compreender que o mito do amor romântico ainda se faz presente nas relações de intimidade; como aspecto desses mitos, o ciúme é desvelado como inerente às relações, sendo ao mesmo tempo disparador de violência nas relações de intimidade. As redes sociais digitais atravessam esse processo; a família e a escola emergem como contextos que vulnerabilizam os adolescentes, inclusive pela vivência de outras manifestações da violência. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: Identificou-se o caráter polidimensional, retroativo e interdependente dos aspectos relacionados ao fenômeno estudado. Traz a importância de ações no âmbito escolar e comunitário pelo enfermeiro, na desconstrução de mitos de amor romântico; uso seguro de redes sociais virtuais; promoção da parentalidade saudável e a articulação saúde-escola-família, com empoderamento desses espaços enquanto fatores de proteção a violências envolvendo adolescentes.

Prevalence of school violence and use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents / Prevalência de violência na escola e uso de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes / Prevalencia de violencia en la escuela y uso de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the school violence suffered and practiced and its association with the use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. Method: the study sample consisted of 643 adolescents enrolled in six schools, who answered two self-administered questionnaires: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" and "Violence in School". Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the degree of association between the variables was analyzed using the prevalence ratio. Results: the prevalence of school violence suffered and practiced was 62.2% and 51.9%, respectively. About 44.6% of the aggressors said they did not want to change their behavior. There was an expressive prevalence of alcohol use (16.5%), tobacco (15.7%) and illicit drugs (6.8%), and drunkenness (12.6%). There was a significant association between the violence suffered and the age group of 12 to 14 years old (p=0.001); (p=0.011) and education level in elementary school (p<0.001). In mothers with less than eight years of studies, the association was significant for the violence practiced (p=0.002). Conclusion: the study contributes to the aspects involved in school violence, which can subsidize actions and policies in this area.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a violência escolar sofrida e praticada e a sua associação com o uso de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes com 12 a 18 anos de idade. Método: a amostra do estudo foi composta por 643 adolescentes matriculados em seis escolas, que responderam a dois questionários autoaplicáveis: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" e "Violência na Escola". A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e o grau de associação entre as variáveis analisado por meio da razão de prevalência. Resultados: as prevalências de violência escolar sofrida e praticada foram de 62,2% e 51,9%, respectivamente. Cerca de 44,6% dos agressores afirmaram não querer mudar seu comportamento. Houve prevalência expressiva do uso de álcool (16,5%), tabaco (15,7%), drogas ilícitas (6,8%) e de embriaguez (12,6%). Houve associação significativa entre a violência sofrida e a faixa etária de 12 a 14 anos (p=0,001), sexo masculino (p=0,011) e grau de escolaridade em ensino fundamental (p<0,001). Em mães com menos de oito anos de estudo, a associação foi significativa para a violência praticada (p=0,002). Conclusão: o estudo traz contribuições para os aspectos envolvidos na violência escolar, que podem subsidiar ações e políticas nesse âmbito.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la violencia escolar sufrida y practicada y su asociación con el uso de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes de 12 a 18 años de edad. Método: la muestra del estudio fue compuesta por 643 adolescentes matriculados en seis escuelas, que respondieron a dos cuestionarios autoaplicables: "Global School-based Student Health Survey" y "Violencia en la Escuela". El análisis estadístico fue realizado utilizando el test Chi-cuadrado y el grado de asociación entre las variables fue analizado por medio de la razón de prevalencia. Resultados: las prevalencias de violencia escolar sufrida y practicada fueron de 62,2% y 51,9% respectivamente. Alrededor del 44,6% de los agresores afirmaron no querer cambiar su comportamiento. Se observó una prevalencia expresiva del uso de alcohol (16,5%), tabaco (15,7%) y drogas ilícitas (6,8%), y de embriaguez (12,6%). Se observó una asociación significativa entre la violencia sufrida y el grupo de edad de 12 a 14 años (p=0,001); sexo masculino (p=0,011) y grado de escolaridad en enseñanza primaria (p<0,001). En madres con menos de ocho años de estudio, la asociación fue significativa para la violencia practicada (p=0,002). Conclusión: el estudio aporta contribuciones a los aspectos envueltos en la violencia escolar, que pueden subsidiar acciones y políticas en este ámbito.

Critical path of women in situations of intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE: To know and analyze the critical path followed by women subjected to intimate partner violence until reaching a Reference Center of a Brazilian city, from the perspective of these women. METHOD: Qualitative research, based on the concept of critical path. Participant observations of the support group of the Reference Center and interviews with ten women in situations of violence who were followed up in this service. RESULTS: the motivating factors for women to seek help were the increase in the severity of the aggressions, the impact of the violence on their children and support from their family. They go to several sectors and services before reaching the Reference Center, such as the police and legal counsel, health and social services. They find little effective responses from the services, and care is indicated as the most relevant response factor to face the situation. CONCLUSION: the assistance is fragmented and dependent on the posture of the professional. The Reference Center is recognized as an important place of support for women. In addition to governmental efforts to maintain the network structured, the permanent education of the working professionals is also fundamental.

Revisão sistemática sobre bullying e família: uma análise a partir dos sistemas bioecológicos / Systematic review on bullying and family: an analysis based on bioecological systems / Revisión sistemática sobre acoso escolar y familia: un análisis a partir de los sistemas bioecológicos

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as relações entre o contexto familiar e o envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar. Método Foram consultadas as bases de dados Web of Science, PsycoInfo, PubMed, Lilacs e a biblioteca virtual SciELO, utilizando nas buscas os termos bullying, família e pais. Atenderam aos critérios de seleção e elegibilidade 61 artigos. O corpus foi analisado a partir do referencial Bioecológico do Desenvolvimento. Resultados Evidenciou-se que as experiências dos estudantes em situações de bullying são multifacetadas e possuem relações com o contexto familiar. Elementos do microssistema como violências na família, práticas parentais, clima e tipo de arranjo familiar, foram mais explorados e relacionados ao bullying. Entretanto, também foram considerados o relacionamento dos pais com os amigos dos filhos, a escolaridade dos pais e as condições socioeconómicas, dos sistemas exo, meso e macro, em relação ao bullying. Conclusão A revisão contribui com a literatura ampliando a abordagem sobre o fenômeno que afeta a saúde e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the relationships between family context and involvement in school bullying. Methods The following databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycoInfo, Pub-Med, Lilacs and SciELO virtual library, using the terms bullying, family and parents. A total of 61 papers met the eligibility criteria. The corpus was analyzed through the Bioecological Development Framework. Results The experiences of students experiencing situations of bullying are multifaceted and are related to the family context. Elements from the microsystem, such as violence in the family, parental practices, environment and type of family arrangements, were the elements more frequently explored and related to bullying, though the relationships of parents with the children's friends, the parents' education and socioeconomic conditions, along with the exo, meso and macro systems were also related to bullying. Conclusion The review contributes to the literature by broadening the approach to this phenomenon that affects the health and development of children and adolescents.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las relaciones entre el contexto familiar y el envolvimiento en las situaciones de acoso escolar. Método Se han consultado las bases de datos Web of Science, PsycoInfo, PubMed, Lilacs y la biblioteca virtual SciELO, utilizando en las búsquedas los términos acoso escolar, familia y padres. Se atendieron a los criterios de selección y elegibilidad 61 artículos. El corpus fue analizado a partir del referencial bioecológico del desarrollo. Resultados Se evidenció que las experiencias de los estudiantes en situaciones de acoso escolar son de múltiples facetas y poseen relaciones con el contexto familiar. Los elementos del microsistema como violencias en la familia, prácticas parentales, clima y tipo de arreglo familiar, fueron más explorados y relacionados al acoso. Sin embargo, también fueron considerados la relación de los padres con los amigos de los hijos, la escolaridad de los padres y las condiciones socioeconómicas, de los sistemas exo, meso y macro, en relación al acoso. Conclusión La revisión contribuye con la literatura ampliando el enfoque sobre el fenómeno que afecta la salud y el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes.(AU)

[Systematic review on bullying and family: an analysis based on bioecological systems]. / Revisão sistemática sobre bullying e família: uma análise a partir dos sistemas bioecológicos.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the relationships between family context and involvement in school bullying. METHODS: The following databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycoInfo, Pub-Med, Lilacs and SciELO virtual library, using the terms bullying, family and parents. A total of 61 papers met the eligibility criteria. The corpus was analyzed through the Bioecological Development Framework. RESULTS: The experiences of students experiencing situations of bullying are multifaceted and are related to the family context. Elements from the microsystem, such as violence in the family, parental practices, environment and type of family arrangements, were the elements more frequently explored and related to bullying, though the relationships of parents with the children's friends, the parents' education and socioeconomic conditions, along with the exo, meso and macro systems were also related to bullying. CONCLUSION: The review contributes to the literature by broadening the approach to this phenomenon that affects the health and development of children and adolescents.